University degrees in Belgium

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Belgium has a university degrees system based on the LMD system, like all European countries today. It therefore offers three distinct levels of qualifications similar to France namely Bac +3 / Bac +5 / Bac +8. There are also shorter courses available in Colleges, while standing is quite possible to continue thereafter university starting a more professional training.

Different levels of possible studies in Belgium:

The Bachelor (180 credits / 3 years): May cause confusion with our baccalaureate degree, the Bachelor ridge corresponds to our License and is the first university tertiary education Belgian. To return, conditions are getting the French baccalaureate or equivalent, while some sectors submit a contest or quotas on foreign students.

The Master (60-120 credits / 1 year to 2 years): The Master is one to two years after the Bachelor and proposes to specialize in a specific area related to the first studies previously conducted 3 years, while starting the research and less theoretical courses. Generally, automatic equivalences with French diplomas and Masters rather accessible.

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The Advanced Master (60 credits / 1 year): The Advanced Master is the equivalent of our specialized masters, which are to prepare for a domain or a very specific job to do specialization before going on the market work after five years of preliminary studies.

PhD: (180 credits / 3 years): Accessible after the Master or 300 ECTS credits after validation of a jury, the PhD thesis can continue for 3 years of research under the supervision of a thesis director. To apply, you must have a thesis quite accurate and the writing of a promoter agreement. To find a sponsor, you must find an active teacher in your area of research in Belgium, and to propose your offer of support. Research is done on the internet and on various websites Belgian universities.

Institutions of higher education in Belgium

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Institutions of higher education in Belgium are very similar to those belonging to the French system, thus facilitating understanding of the Belgian system for French students. If the various settlements are an important component of the Belgian university system, the various diplomas should also be known!

Universities in Belgium and operation:

They can be divided into two categories, the Flemish universities and French universities . They exist only 10 French universities, which focus almost all student enrollment from France. Training in universities have adopted the LMD system as in France, and divided into three cycles, Bachelor – Master – PhD. The courses are generally very theoretical, with philosophy, languages ​​and literature, economics, art history and archeology, medical sciences, criminology, dental sciences. All French formations are found in almost similar way in Belgian universities, so you do not risk being lost! Their cost is significantly higher than the French institutions, with an average of 760 euros registration fee.

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Universities in Belgium:

Since the system of large French schools, the higher education system in Belgium differs from the university with a more professional and less theoretical . Diplomas are recognized by the Belgian government and the rest of Europe, and thus allow later to continue his studies at the university. However, these costs only 350 euros per year and cover very large areas. There are currently nearly 30 universities in Belgium which 21 offer training in French.
Studies are possible only on the first two cycles Bachelor and Master , the search does not exist in the high Belgian schools, although this is likely to evolve. Courses at such schools can be divided into eight sectors: agricultural, artistic, economic, Medical, educational, social, and technical translation and interpreting. Continue reading →

A U.S. study reveals

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When we go to the supermarket or to look at the market, choose it with care and we think it is inanimate, something dead that serves only to be eaten and to bring benefits to our body. In fact, according to a study by Janet Braam of Rice University, located in Houston (USA), the fruit we buy would be alive even when disconnected from the branch on which it grew, in the sense that vegetables and fruits are able to perceive changes of the day .

In a nutshell, the American study – published in the journal Current Biology – suggests that the way in which we preserve the fruit, but also vegetables and vegetables, has real consequences on its nutritional value and therefore our health. The finding is surprising and it is not only important biologically, “fruits and vegetables, even after the harvest, they are able to respond – explains Braam – to signals sent from the light and consequently change their biology in ways that affect their contribution healthy and insect resistance. ”

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The conclusions reached by the American study lead us to deal with more “care” products we buy, since they appear to be still alive after being collected from the branches: “Our results – adds Janet Braam – show that it is necessary to preserve fruit and vegetables in locations that comply with the cycles of light and dark in order to improve and ensure the nutritional value. ” This is because fresh produce from the bench are still influenced by circadian rhythms : the cells, in fact, continue to be involved in metabolic processes and survive the same for a bit ‘of time after harvest. Continue reading →

University of Atlanta, a study reveals

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The memories of our ancestors can inherit , being transmitted from parents to children, imprinted in the DNA and influencing, in this way, brain development and behavior of successive generations. This was revealed by a study conducted by a group of scientists at Emory University in Atlanta and published in the journal Nature Neuroscience . What was already understood in the past by other scholars, finally seems to have concrete proof and now this discovery could have implications on the front of trans generational studies.

Think of a kind of “trans generational memory” – without having clear evidence from a genetic point of view – it was, for example, one of the major insights provided by the Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Gustav Jung , who in this respect has coined the concept of “unconscious collective ” . A kind of unconscious, as opposed to the personal, shared by all men and derived from their common ancestors: it would contain all those archetypes that exist prior to the experience and for this reason are instinctive.

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That the memories of his ancestors is to inherit, for the moment it occurred only through animal studies , this does not mean, however, that what has been found to be equally valid in the case of human beings, on the contrary, the authors of the research it are definitely convinced. More precisely, in order to have proof that the memories of his ancestors can be inherited, researchers at the University of Atlanta have trained some lab mice to avoid a certain smell and then they saw that even the grandchildren of these rodents continued to do the same , no one had taught them to do so. Simply, the training of grandparents had imprinted in their DNA, and then the resulting behavior was passed on to subsequent generations. Continue reading →

Limited: Entrance Exam declared illegal

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The entrance test for admission to courses with a limited number of Medicine from 2000 to 2010 are illegal . At least those that took place at the university of Messina. The ruling comes from shock ‘the’ Plenary Conference of the Council of State in relation to a complaint lodged by lawyers and sponsored Udall Saints Delia and Michael Bonetti. The reason is simple: it was not respected the rule of anonymity.

According to the State Council, ” The conduct of the Commission has exceeded the threshold of critical, putting at risk all the devices prepared at the general regulatory and industry in order to ensure anonymity in the correction phase . “So to be illegal are not the entrance test as such, but the system that have taken place since it was not able to fully guarantee the anonymity of the candidates.

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The case therefore concerns only the University of Messina? At the moment, yes, but it is not said. Udu In fact, starting in 2007 denounced irregularities similar throughout Italy by the Ministry of Education of the choice of giving the secret code through which you can trace the identity of the candidate on the answer sheet and throughout the competition documentation. All this without considering that the decision in question goes further, saying that.

In other words, as long as there is the risk of identifying the candidate and the test can be regarded as unlawful. This means that also other judgments such as that relating to the University of Messina could be also in view Udell because the battle is far from over. ” We call for a definitive turning point for exceeding the number of closed system that starts from the students’ proposals and resolve the situation before the system collapses on itself because of its obvious, and now demonstrated inadequacy. “said Gianluca Scuccimarra, Coordinator Union of University Students.

Expenditure on Research and Development in decline in 2013

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Although there are more and more people engaged in this sector, l Istat predicts that spending on research and development will mark a further decline in 2013. Fortunately, in the meantime, the European Council gets the go-ahead to the Horizon 2020, a funding program by 77 billion over seven years: the first calls for the funds will be launched soon, the next December 11 .

A breath of fresh air for Italy, which tends to invest less and less in the future, especially in central and southern. He holds, however, the North: according to Istat data updated to 2011 (the most recent), compared to the previous year, in this country’s spending in R & D grew by 2.3 per cent in the western and 1, 9 per cent in Eastern Europe. It is, however, a decrease in central Italy (-1.4 percent), and records no change in the South. Another bad sign is that it decreases also the incidence rate of expenditure on R & D in gross domestic product (GDP), which drops from 1, 26 per cent in 2010 to 1.25 percent in 2011.

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According to Istat estimates, in 2013 your total investment in research and development will mark a decline in spending of 2.1 percent in public institutions and of 0.7 per cent in enterprises, while there are no baseline data for the university. The institute also provides for the analysis of statistical data related to 2012 in the end it will show a change in the spending of 0.1 percent at current values ​​and a decrease of 1, 5 percent in real term, with increases investment of public institutions (+2.6 per cent) and university (+0.1 per cent), accompanied by a reduction in spending by non-profit institutions (-6.3 per cent) and even enterprises ( -0.1 per cent). These, however, were in 2011 the only ones to show an increase in spending on research and development, marking a 2.3 per cent.

Although in 2013, Istat provides a further decline in funds allocated to research and development, the Institute of Statistics reports that in 2011 the staff working full-time in research activities in our country amounts to 228 094 units, an increase of ’1, 1 per cent over the previous year. In detail, this increase seems to affect mainly public institutions (+4.3 percent), universities (+2 percent) and businesses (+0.2 per cent), while there was a decline in private institutions non-profit (-11.1 per cent).

Always ISTAT data show that in 2011 there was also an increase in the number of researchers was 2.6 percent compared to 2010 (a total of 106 151 units). The increase is more pronounced in public institutions (+7.3 percent) and businesses (+3.9 per cent), slightly more than in the universities with 0.8 percent. The private non-profit institutions, however, there has been a decline (-11.1 percent).

Financial Times, Bocconi back in the top ten European business schools

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After a year’s absence, Bocconi back in the elite of business schools in Europe , finishing in eighth place in the ranking compiled by the Financial Times . The SDA – Bocconi School of Management has gained three places since last year, which allowed it to fall into the top ten . Confirmation, however, its position of 2012, the School of Management of Polytechnic University of Milan, which remains at 38th place in the rankings .

At the top of the Financial Times ranking of business schools in Europe in 2013 is the HEC in Paris, on a par with Spain’s IE Business School , London Business School and earned the final podium. Spain still in fourth place, occupied by the ESADE Business School.

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The Financial Times ranking of business schools in Europe 2013 represents the partial synthesis of the published times a year, relating to specific courses. To make up the SDA Bocconi in the ranking were the good performance of the Master of Science in International Management (16th in its category), MBA and Executive MBA (arrived 28th). On the basis of these results, the private university in Milan managed to win the eighth place in the overall classification and overtake the IMD in Susanne, the Rotterdam School of Management and ESCP Europe, which in 2012 had preceded him. Continue reading →

The award for the best universities will not suffer further cuts

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The deck is short. The resources are lacking and there is a risk that – once again – the mountain gives birth to a mouse, or that the much-hyped promotion of merit through the distribution of a part of the so-called share of rewards, the Ordinary Fund (FFO) the best universities fades and remains as to the most deserving recognition and the only consolation is not subject to further cuts .

This is the situation that is emerging as the decree for the allocation of the share of the reward FFO passes the examination of the Conference of Rectors (CRUI) and the National University Council (CUN). In the absence of a significant increase in funds available to the Ministry of Education in fact grant more money as a prize to the best universities would impose drastic cuts to those who have excelled in school reports fewer the National Agency for the Evaluation of University and Research (ANVUR) .

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At the base of it all is that – the failed attempt to reserve at least 41 million Euros to the best universities (left empty for an administrative technicality ) – the total amount of FFO is less than 5 per cent compared to 2012. This does not allow to reward excellence, unless you decide to paralyze universities that have achieved a rating worse, subjecting them to new draconian measures. In order to avoid the occurrence of this event, which would condemn many universities to close their doors, it was decided to introduce a safeguard clause that prohibits a cut of the fee payable to the fund each university more than 5 percent compared to the sums obtained by the ‘ previous year. Continue reading →

University: The Oral Examination And His Tricks

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The oral examination is a present reality in the life of every college student … let’s see how to deal with

The exam, ex amen from Latin, literally “balance of power”, which in turn derives from exigence, meaning “to weigh” means the action of “weigh” something in order to gain a judgment. Etymology of the word could not betray what is the best state of mind examiner, placed on a balance imagined, or as they say now, “virtual”, to be evaluated.
And depending on our “weight” notional, we will be included in the the category of the good, the prepared, the mediocre, the barely sufficient, the poor openly, arms torn agriculture, robotic tel-dazed, beautiful-legs-but-where-the-brain, and so on.

Each of us, on the scale of the examiner, must be aware of being formed, as each “envelope”, tare and net weight, to obtain the gross. therefore go out of the metaphor in the etymological background, worthy of a philosopher-barman, and we move on to discuss the matter in concrete: the university exam.

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For the student, the examiner is the most serious problem, even more than the syllabus, because if you sat in that chair, at least the “claim” you have to have studied. What we can not be sure is: on what basis will I be assessed? I know how to make it so? what impression do to those who look at me? is a carcass or a benefactor? Continue reading →

Supernumerary admission to the courses of degree program here is the manner

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Finally established the procedures for the ‘ supernumerary admission to the courses of degree program at the national level of those who had been excluded due to the abolition in the running of the ‘bonus maturity’ . With the Ministerial Decree no. 986 of November 29, 2013 the Ministry of Education has regulated the procedures to follow to improve their enrollment in Medicine, Dentistry, Architecture, Veterinary Medicine, Primary Education and Health Professions.

The ministerial decree giving effect to the provisions in the amendment to ‘decree school’ for the recharge of the excluded approved by a parliamentary majority for cross remedy the injustice of the rule change in admission test has already begun, which had aroused much controversy, and avoid the announced rain of appeals .

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The decree specifies the procedures for the admission to the courses in excess of degree program provides for the establishment of a new classification , which takes into account the evaluation score of schooling (the infamous ‘maturity bonus’). To do this, for courses in Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary and Architecture is the possibility, for those who had not entered the data relating to the voting diploma obtained within the time set out in Ministerial Decree 449 of June 12, 2013, to make it through the Universality portal no later than 15:00 9th December next. This inclusion can be made ​​only by those who have reported at least 20 points in the test. Continue reading →